Polio: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Explained

— Polio, a highly contagious viral illness that once caused widespread fear across the world, remains a concern despite major progress in eradication efforts. The disease, caused by the poliovirus, primarily affects children under the age of five, though adults can also be infected.

Health officials emphasize that vaccination remains the strongest line of defense against polio. While most people infected may not show symptoms, a small percentage face serious complications.

Symptoms

Most cases of polio are silent or mild, but when symptoms occur, they often mimic common viral infections. These may include:

• Fever, sore throat, tiredness, and nausea

• Muscle weakness or stiffness

• In severe cases, paralysis affecting the legs or breathing muscles

Dr. Meera Patel, an infectious disease specialist, noted:

“Many people never realize they are carrying the poliovirus, but the risk lies in the few cases where it damages the nervous system, leading to paralysis. That’s why vaccination is critical.”

Causes

Polio spreads mainly through contact with infected stool, contaminated water, or less commonly, saliva. Poor sanitation and low vaccination coverage increase the risk of outbreaks.

According toDr. Rebecca Stone,an epidemiologist at the Health Department:

“The virus thrives in areas where hygiene is lacking. Outbreaks can be prevented by consistent immunization and improved sanitation.”

Treatment

There is no direct cure for polio. Treatment is supportive and focuses on alleviating symptoms:

• Pain management with prescribed medications

• Physical therapy to improve mobility

• In severe cases, ventilators assist patients with breathing difficulties

Doctors stress that prevention through vaccination is the only way to ensure safety from the disease.

Conclusion

While global eradication efforts have dramatically reduced polio cases, health experts warn against complacency. Regular immunization campaigns, public awareness drives, and improved sanitation remain essential to prevent resurgence.